Your text here!     
NEUROPEPTIDES

Home | THE BRAIN STEM | THE CEREBELLUM | SITE MAP

 
NEUROEMBRIOLOGY
MEMBRANE POTENTIAL
THE SYNAPSE
THE MUSCLE TONE
MOTOR UNIT
DESCENDING MOTOPATHS
RECEPTORS
SENSORY PATHWAYS
AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
HYPOTHALAMUS AND THALAMUS
THE TELENCEPHALON
NEUROCHEMISTRY
 
 
  Related sites

neurosurgery.tv
neurosurgery.cc
e-neurosurgery.ws
neurosurgery-1.com
neurosurgery-jo.com
nsurgery.ws
neurophysiology.ws
microneuroanatomy
brainstem.cc
diencephalon.info
mesencephalon.org
medullaoblongata.info
neurooncology.ws
pituitaryadenomas.com
pituitaryadenoma.net
meningiomas.org
meningiomas.info
glioma.ws
vestibularschwannomas
acousticschwannoma
craniopharyngiomas
craniopharyngiomas
pinealomas.com
ependymoma.info
spinesurgeries.org
spondylolisthesis.info
paraplegia.co
vascularneurosurgery
vascularneurosurgery
e-neuroradiology.com
cns-clinic.com
munir.ws
shmaisanihospital.org

 
 

bullet General Considerations

 

Over the years, a number of neuropeptides have been identified which play a variety of functional roles in the nervous system. Several have well-known endocrine roles such as ACTH, oxytocin, and vasopressin from the pituitary gland. Also included are the hypothalamic factors which control the release of certain pituitary hormones. These are somatostatin (growth hormone-inhibiting factor), thyrotropin-releasing factor (TRF), and luteinizing hormone-releasing factor (LHRF).

Other neuropeptides appear to function as neurotransmitters. One of these is substance P, found in certain pathways in the brain and in terminal endings of specific primary sensory fibers of spinal nerves. The latter are represented by those fibers which synapse on secondary spinal cord neurons responding most readily to pain. Thus it is hypothesized to operate as a transmitter for painful stimuli from the periphery to the CNS.

Perhaps the most interesting group of neuropeptides are the enkephalins and endorphins. The morphinelike enkephalins have been found in inter­neurons in the same regions of the spinal cord where substance P is released. and there is evidence to suggest that they inhibit the release of substance P. Thus, enkephalin-containing neurons may work to suppress the transmission of painful information between primary and secondary neurons. Enkephalins probably operate by presynaptically inhibiting the release of substance P from primary neurons, giving them a modulatory role at these synapses.

Enkephalin is also found in several areas of the brain and brainstem, paralleling the distribution of opiate receptors. The highest concentration occurs in the globus pallidus with lesser amounts in the caudate nucleus, hypothalamus, periaqueductal gray matter, and amygdala. The intriguing possibility exists that enkephalins may be naturally occurring analgesics operating as modulating neurotransmitters in various pain-mediating pathways

 

Our brain is a mystery and to understand it, you need to be a neurosurgeon, neuroanatomist and neurophysiologist.

neurosurgery.tv

Please visit this site, where daily neurosurgical activities are going on.


Inomed ISIS IOM System

Home | NEUROEMBRIOLOGY | MEMBRANE POTENTIALS | THE SYNAPSE | MUSCLE TONE - SPINAL REFELXES | SKELETAL MUSCLE CONTRACTION AND THE MOTOR UNIT | DESCENDING MOTOR PATHWAYS | RECEPTORS | SENSORY PATHWAYS | AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM | DIENCEPHALON | TELENCEPHALON | NEUROCHEMISTRY

Copyright [2007] [CNS Clinic-Jordan]. All rights reserved